Thursday, August 27, 2020

How to Structure an Essay

Step by step instructions to Structure an Essay On the off chance that youve been entrusted withâ writing an essayâ for a class task, the venture may appear to be overwhelming. Nonetheless, your task doesnt must be a hair-pulling, fatigued dusk 'til dawn affair. Consider composing an article as though you wereâ making a cheeseburger. Envision the pieces of a burger: Theres a bun (bread) on top and a bun on the base. In the center, youll discover the meat.â Your presentation resembles the top bun declaring the subject, your supporting sections are the hamburger in the center, and your decision is the base bun, supporting everything. The sauces would be the specificâ examplesâ andâ illustrationsâ that can help toâ clarifyâ key focuses and keep your composing intriguing. (Who, all things considered, would eat a burger made distinctly out of bread and meat?) Each part should be available: A soaked or missing bun would make your fingers slip promptly into the hamburger without having the option to hold and appreciate the burger. Be that as it may, if your burger had no hamburger in the center, youd be left with two dry bits of bread. The Introduction Yourâ introductory paragraphsâ introduce the peruser to your theme. For instance, you may decide to compose an exposition named, Technology Is Changing Our Lives. Start your presentation with aâ hookâ that catches the perusers consideration: Technology is assuming control over our lives and changing the world. After you present your point and attract the peruser, the most significant piece of your early on paragraph(s) would be youâ the principle thought, orâ thesis. The Little Seagull Handbook considers this an explanation that presents your primary concern, distinguishing your subject. Your proposition articulation could peruse: Information innovation has upset the manner in which we work. Be that as it may, your theme can be increasingly differed and may cover apparently unremarkable subjects, for example, this initial passage from Mary Zeiglers How to Catch River Crabs. Zeigler gets the perusers attentionâ from the main sentence: As a deep rooted crabber (that is, one who gets crabs, not an interminable whiner), I can disclose to you that any individual who has persistence and an incredible love for the stream is able to join the positions of crabbers.​ The last sentences of your presentation, at that point, would be a small framework of what your article will cover. Dont utilize a framework structure, yet clarify quickly all the key focuses you expect to talk about in story structure. Supporting Paragraphs Expanding the burger exposition topic, theâ supporting paragraphsâ would be hamburger. These would incorporate all around explored and intelligent focuses that help your postulation. Theâ topic sentenceâ of each section may fill in as the reference purposes of your smaller than normal diagram. The topicâ sentence, which is oftenâ at the start of aâ paragraph, states or recommends the principle thought (orâ topic) of a section. Bellevue College in Washington state tells the best way to writeâ four diverse supporting sections on four unique subjects: a depiction of a wonderful day; investment funds and credit and bank disappointments; the scholars father; and, the essayists joke-playing cousin. Bellevue clarifies that your supporting sections ought to give rich, clear symbolism, or consistent and explicit supporting subtleties, contingent upon your theme. An ideal supporting section for the innovation point, talked about already, could draw on recent developments. In its Jan. 20-21, 2018, end of the week release, The Wall Street Journal ran an article named, Digital Revolution Upends Ad Industry: A Divide Between Old Guard and New Tech Hires. The article portrayed in burning point of interest, how one of the universes greatest promotion offices lost a significant Mcdonalds publicizing record to a relative upstartâ because the inexpensive food chain felt the more seasoned office was not capable enough at utilizing information to rapidly create online advertisements and target minute cuts of its client base. The more youthful, cooler, organization, on the other hand, had worked with Facebook Inc. what's more, Alphabet Incs Google to gather a group of information specialists. You could utilize this report to represent how innovation and a requirement for laborers who get it and can utilize it-is assuming control over the world and is changing whole enterprises. The Conclusion Similarly as a cheeseburger needs a tough base bun to contain all the fixings inside, your article needs a solid end to help and support your focuses. You can likewise consider it theâ closing argumentâ a investigator may make in a criminal legal dispute. The end contentions segment of a preliminary happens when the arraignment endeavors to reinforce the proof she introduced to the jury. Even however the examiner likely gave strong and convincing contentions and proof during the preliminary, it isnt until the end contentions that she integrates everything. Similarly, youll repeat your primary concerns in the end backward request of how you recorded them in your presentation. A few sources call this a topsy turvy triangle: The introduction was a triangle that was straight up, where you began with a short, extremely sharp point-your snare which at that point fanned out marginally to your subject sentence and widened further with your smaller than expected layout. The end, on the other hand, is a topsy turvy triangle that begins by comprehensively investigating the proof the focuses you made in your supporting sections and afterward limits to your subject sentence and a repetition of your snare. Along these lines, youve intelligently clarified your focuses, rehashed your primary thought, and left perusers with a humdinger that ideally persuades them regarding your perspective. Source Bullock, Richard. The Little Seagull Handbook with Exercises. Michal Brody, Francine Weinberg, Third release, W. W. Norton Company, December 22, 2016.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Fast food restaurant Essay

Investigation on Fast Food Culture and Its Double-symptoms to the world from the Development of American Fast Food ?. Presentation Fast food is turning out to be increasingly more famous around the globe these years. It is evaluated that there are in excess of 100 parts of McDonald’s and KFC just in Beijing. The appearances of the inexpensive food excite another thing named â€Å"fast-food culture†, and furthermore the discussion about this culture by individuals. ?. Brief history of American cheap food 1. McDonald’s two siblings named Richard and Maurice McDonald left their home in New Hampshire and looking for occupations in southern California. From the start they took a stab at opening a theater however it was anything but a triumph. At that point they got on to the new rage of eating at drive-in cafés and they opened one of every 1939, in Pasadena, California, calling it â€Å"McDonald’s Famous Hamburgers†. (http://howdy. baidu. com/) 2. The Emergences and Expansion of KFC, shorted from Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a chain of drive-through eateries situated in Louisville, Kentucky. KFC principally sells chicken in type of pieces, wraps, servings of mixed greens , sandwiches, etc. The prevalence and curiosity of KFC made it well known and famous all through the world. The inexpensive food like KFC is likewise evolved in the entire world. (http://www. kfc. com. cn) ?. The Development of Fast Food Industry Most individuals imagine that it is the McDonald siblings who start the cheap food rage in America, however in actuality, it is the White Castle cheeseburger chain that really begun inexpensive food history in America. J. Walter Anderson opened the main White Castle in 1916 in Wichita, Kansas, Richard and Maurice McDonald, the two siblings who made the first McDonald’s eatery in 1948 in San Bernardino, California. By 1953, the siblings had chosen to establishment their thought, and two franchisees opened in Downey, California and Phoenix, Arizona. Today, inexpensive food chains have spread all around the globe, and have spread American culture directly alongside them. There are a lot increasingly mainstream chains, as Carl’s Jr. , Arby’s, Domino’s and Dairy Queen, showing that cheap food isn’t consistently about cheeseburgers. ?. Globalization In 2006, the worldwide cheap food advertise developed by 4. 8% (Linda Stradley, 2008) Globalization is that the world is moving ceaselessly from independent national economies towards a related, incorporated worldwide monetary framework. It alludes to the move toward a progressively incorporated and reliant world economy. Inexpensive food is turning out to be increasingly more well known far and wide these years. It is assessed that there are in excess of 100 parts of McDonald’s and KFC just in Beijing. In any case, the inexpensive food sell in China which rough material is consistently fabricates in different nations. So if something changed in China, it is certain influences different nations. Cheap food is as of now spread into the world, it is certain expansion the information between nations. End Throughout the world, American inexpensive food chains have become images of Western financial turn of events, opening wherever from Bulgaria to Western Samoa.and pulled in countless purchasers and the monetary advantages. Cheap food industry is chosen by the advancement of social advancement and financial turn of events, it improves people’s expectations for everyday comforts and lifestyle. The cheap food industry is a significant industry of living condition and speculation condition, and furthermore a significant segment of the customer relaxation, the travel industry, utilization, shopping and spending. The opposition in the cheap food showcase is seriously, yet ought to be centered around one perspective: that is, to eat inexpensive food with nourishment, wellbeing. Fatty inexpensive food as a high-fat food isn't reasonable for eating. Cheap food has twofold sided consequences for the improvement of economy and people’s life. In spite of the fact that inexpensive food despite everything have such a significant number of deficiencies of either, This sort of food culture is genuine created to be a piece of people’s life, regardless of the analysis of cheap food is valid or not, cheap food is still to be a pattern later on. Works Cited Linda Stradley. 2008. What’s Cooking America New York: New York University Press http://hello there. baidu. com/http://www. kfc. com. cn.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Your Guide to Creating a Character Sketch (With a Free Template!)

Your Guide to Creating a Character Sketch (With a Free Template!) The ability to create memorable characters is what separates mediocre writers from master storytellers. The books we read that we cant forget often include characters that appeal to us for their humanity (or lack thereof), and they come to life on the pages in ways that only a great writer can make happen.So how do writers make such memorable, real-life characters? One way is to create intensive character sketches for each character of a story and writers vary in their approach to doing this. In this article, Ill discuss how to create a character sketch and provide a template for you to use (unless youd rather create your own).PhysicalWhen determining the physical aspects of your character, its important to keep in mind that you shouldnt stop with hair color, eye color and skin color. Sure…these are important aspects to help the reader visualize the character, but a characters overall physical appearance includes so much more. The more you consider in the character sketch, the easi er it will be for your character to come to life on the page. With that in mind, consider these physical characteristics, as well.Face/hairWhat is the characters face shape (round, oval, heart-shaped, square)?Does the character have freckles, sun spots, a birthmark, or scar on his or her face?What is the color, texture, and length of the characters hair?Does the character dye his or her hair?Does the character have facial hair and if so, how long is it and what is its texture?SkinWhat color is the characters skin and does it have freckles, wrinkles, sun spots, or scars?Does the character have tattoos? If so, what kind of art is it and where is it located?BodyWhat body type does the character have (lean, athletic, curvy, overweight)?Does he or she slouch?How tall is your character?Where does your character carry most of his or her weight?Is there a strange gait to his or her walk?ClothingWhat type of clothing does the character like to wear for lounging/relaxing?What type of clothing does the character like to wear for formal occasions?What type of clothing does the character like to wear outdoors?What type of shoes does the character tend to wear? Are they scuffed?Does the character take pride in their appearance?Are the characters clothes neatly pressed or wrinkled?Are there any particular pieces of clothing or jewelry your character owns that has special meaning for him or her? If so, what pieces and why are they special?PsychologicalIf youve ever sat down to people watchâ€"and lets face it, all writers should make this practice a part of their daily routineâ€"then youve probably already noticed psychological aspects on a subconscious level. For example, when you see the girl walking beside a man busy looking at his phone, her face downcast and a frown turning her lips, your mind picks up on subconscious characterization and revelation. You can piece a story together of their relationship quite easily with this one glance, and although it may be wrong, youve used psychological techniques to create depth when encountering strangers. The same thing happens when you consider the psychological and subconscious actions of your character for a character sketch.What is the characters overall outlook on life (optimistic, pessimistic, depressed)?Does the character have anxiety, claustrophobia, insomnia, PTSD or depression?Is your character introverted or extroverted?Does your character have a good relationship with his or her mother?Does your character have a good relationship with his or her father?Does your character have a good relationship with his or her siblings?Does your character have a significant other? If not, why?Is your character an addict? If so, what is he or she addicted to?What is the life mistake your character most regrets?Does your character drink alcohol? If so, how much?Does your character have healthy relationships with friends?HistoricalThink about how much your history has shaped you into the person you are today. In fa ct, it could be argued that every facet of who we are as humans stems from our history. In the same way, your characters history should shape him or her as a living, breathing entity that comes alive on the page. The more that history fits or makes sense to the reader, the more believable your story and characters are. For example, if your character suffered a childhood trauma and you want that character to be believable and real, the reality is that he or she will demonstrate aspects of PTSD and/or have a negative relationship with the responsible parent. Thinking these details through helps you to connect all the dots of the characterâ€"physical, psychological, and historicalâ€"to create a compelling persona that feels real and alive to your reader.What was your characters mother like?What was your characters father like?Does he or she have any siblings?Where was your character born?What were the circumstances of your characters birth?What were the circumstances of your characters early childhood?What were the circumstances of your characters preteen and adolescent years?How did your character do in school? What were his or her favorite subjects and why?When did your character first fall in love and with whom?Has your character ever been in legal trouble?Does your character have a history of addiction?Try our free templateIf youd like to have your own template for this character sketch, weve got you covered. View it or download it and let us know what you think.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Regulating Inventory - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2058 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Regulating Inventory – An Examination of AASB 102 â€Å"Inventories† Inventories are in essence what organisations hold with an intention to sell, however directly or indirectly. For most businesses, this is how their profits are made, and it is reasonable to assume that these items account for much of an organisation’s activities. Such a big influence on indicators of financial performance and position warrants an equally large need for regulation to ensure that users of the financial statements are given a clear picture of the state the organisation is in. The Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) is responsible for developing the standards that govern the way reporting entities disclose their accounting figures. Despite much international debate, the regulation of inventories has changed over the years, and problems that appear in even the current regulations make it likely that more changes are to come. The standards governing inventories ar e contained in AASB 102 â€Å"Inventories. Paragraph 6 of this standard defines inventories as assets held for sale in the ordinary course of business, in the process of production for such sales, or held in the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the production process or rendering of services (2009). In order to give more conservative figures for the value of inventories held, they are to be valued at the â€Å"lower of cost and net realisable value† under paragraph 9, net realisable value being defined in paragraph 7 as the net amount expected to be realised from the sale of the inventory in the ordinary course of business. The â€Å"cost† of inventories is defined as â€Å"all costs of purchase and conversion, and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition,† in paragraph 10. Paragraphs 11-15 define the three elements of this cost. The â€Å"cost of purchase† includes in addition to the purc hase price, any costs incurred in the acquisition of the finished goods less any discounts or rebates. Conversion costs† includes costs incurred in the production of the finished goods, such as direct labour. In compliance with paragraph 6 of AASB 102, paragraph 12 states that fixed production and manufacturing overheads, such as factory depreciation or rent, must also be allocated to the cost of inventories as they are incurred as conversion costs to the same extent as direct labour and other variable costs (Deegan, 2010, pp. 227). This is done using the â€Å"absorption costing† method, the method required by AASB 102, although â€Å"standard costs,† that is predetermined product costs based on prior planning, can be used where they can be attained realistically and reviewed regularly. In order to provide consistent cost figures, paragraph 13 prescribes that costs be allocated based on â€Å"normal capacity,† the production expected to be achieved based on the average production of past periods, and taking into account diminished production levels resulting from planned maintenance. However actual production levels may be used if they approximate normal capacity. Additionally AASB 102 allows different methods of measuring cost for service providers, agricultural produce harvested from biological assets, and retailers. Paragraph 19 requires that service providers include labour, other costs of personnel directly engaged in providing the service, and attributable overheads. In administering the measurement of agricultural inventories, paragraph 20 makes reference to another standard AASB 141, which requires that the cost harvested inventories be measured at their fair value less the costs to sell at the point of harvest. The retail method is set out in paragraph 22, and requires the cost of inventory to be determined by reducing the sales value of the inventory by an average gross margin (i. e mark-up) percentage for each relev ant department, taking into account any mark-ups or mark-downs applied. |Cost ($) |Cost relating to | | | |inventory | |Rent – administration building |20 000 | | |Rent – factory building |25 000 |25 000 | |Office stationery |500 |- | |Salaries – administrative staff |30 000 |- | |Salaries – factory staff |20 000 |20 000 | |Raw materials |5 000 |5 000 | |Freight n of raw material |1 000 |1 000 | |Freight out to customers |1 000 |- | |Depreciation – plant |1 500 |1 500 | |Depreciation – office furniture |1 000 |- | |Late payment expense on raw materials |500 |- | |Total |105 500 |52 500 | |Table 1. 0 – Example of costs | An example of a set of costs can be found in Table 1. 0. In this example, AASB 102 requires that the purchase and freight of raw materials be included as costs of purchase as they are directly attributable to the acquisition of finished goods. The rent and depreciation of the factory and salaries of factory staff are t o be included in the cost of inventories as costs of conversion as they are incurred in the process of converting the materials into finished goods. Under paragraph 16, the salaries of administrative staff, rent of the administration building, and depreciation of office furniture are not included as they are not incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location. Freight out to customers does not take place in the process of acquiring finished goods or converting materials and so is not included, and although the late payment expense seems to be incurred in the process of acquisition or conversion, it is more a consequence of the mismanagement of accounts payable (Deegan, 2010 pp. 227), and therefore not included in the cost of inventories. After the application of paragraph 10 of AASB 102, the total cost of inventories is $52 500. If for example the normal capacity for production were 10 000 units, the cost per unit of inventory would be $52 500 ? 10 000, or $5. 2 5. The net realisable value of the inventory will be equal to the selling price, for example $15 per unit, less the estimated cost of completion and cost necessary to make the sale (say, $5. 30 per unit), which is $9. 70 per unit. In accordance with paragraph 9, the lower of the two values is the one that should be used for reporting, which is the cost of $5. 25 per unit. To negate the impracticality of valuing each individual item of inventory, AASB 102 allows assumptions to be made regarding the cost-flow of inventories and valuation of ending inventory. Aside from the â€Å"specific identification† method, where cost is assigned to each individual item, paragraph 25 sets out that the cost of inventories may also be assigned by the â€Å"weighted average† and â€Å"first-in-first-out (FIFO)† methods. The International Accounting Standard IAS 2 allowed another method known as â€Å"last-in-first-out (LIFO),† but the standard was amended in 2004 to pro hibit it due to it being used to obtain lower tax obligations. Paragraph 25 states that an entity should use the same cost method for all inventories similar in nature and purpose. The weighted-average approach adds the period’s cost of goods to the opening inventory cost and divides the result by the total number of inventories acquired. Ending inventory is valued using this average price. The FIFO method assumes that the first goods purchased are the first goods to be sold. Under this method, the ending balance is valued based on the costs of more recent purchases. The LIFO method is the opposite of FIFO, where the ending balance is valued based on the costs of earlier purchases (Deegan, 2010 pp. 234). As far as reporting is concerned, if the physical inventories follow the same assumptions the selected cost-flow method uses, no material problems arise. However, problems become more apparent when the cost-flow method is only reflected by accounting figures and not by act ual inventory flow. Where prices normally increase over time due to inflation, the LIFO method assumes that more recent purchases, which are more expensive, are sold first. This results in a higher cost of goods sold which equates to a lower profit, and an understatement of ending inventory if the newest physical goods were not the first goods actually sold. This lower profit is one of the reasons LIFO was a popular tool for reducing income tax. LIFO can also distort major ratios such as the current, debt-to-equity, and turnover ratios. Another limitation of LIFO is that the valuation process cannot be run smoothly throughout the year; In essence, it is a year-end calculation more information relies on forecasts of future prices instead of the inventory lready on hand (Gibson, 2002), which results in an increased need for adjustments, a higher possibility of errors occurring, and higher costs to oversee the system. Such problems have seen LIFO eventually being prohibited by the International Accounting Standards Board in 2004. |[pic] | |Graph 1. 0 – Profit differences of LIFO FIFO | The FIFO method reflects the actual inventory-cost-flow of most entities (especially those trading perishable items) and is favoured by the IASB and AASB over the prohibited LIFO. However, even the FIFO method is also far from flawless. With prices usually rising, the assumption that the first goods purchased are the first to be sold results in the reported figure for profit being inflated (as shown in Graph 1. 0), due to the cost of goods sold remaining at a historical level, although the cost to replace that good has risen (Miller, 2004). Although paragraph 32 and 33 of AASB 102 allows adjustments to be made to the values of inventory, these only include write-downs of net realisable value, and the reversal of such write-downs. The Framework of the AASB for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements sets out the objective of financial statements as be ing to provide understandable, relevant, reliable, and comparable information that is useful to a wide range of users in the course of making economic decisions (AASB, 2004). AASB 102 tries to establish understandability by requiring financial statements to disclose the accounting policies adopted in measuring the inventories including the cost formulas and methods used, as well as the total carrying amount of inventories and the carrying amount in classifications appropriate to the entity, the carrying amount of inventories carried at fair value less costs to sell, the amount of inventories recognised as an expense during the period, and the circumstances, results and reversals of any write-downs carried out under paragraphs 32 and 33 (2009). The characteristics â€Å"comparability† and â€Å"reliability† are perhaps the most troublesome in terms of standardisation and regulation. As different organisations may have different needs in terms of inventory management, it may be possible that methods other than the specific-identification, weighted-average, and FIFO methods may provide a more comparable view of their performances and positions, however it is clear that regulators face a situation where the risks of easy embezzlement must be weighed against the goal of easy and absolute comparability. The components of comparability and reliability are dealt with in paragraphs 9 to 22, where the methods of inventory measurement are set out, and paragraphs 23 to 33, which set out the methods of inventory valuation. In order to help prevent profit manipulation, the standard precludes LIFO from its list of inventory valuation methods. The issue of reliability is also raised in paragraph 13, which requires that total inventory costs be allocated on the basis of â€Å"normal capacity,† which is a average figure of expected production. In a case of low or idle production, unit costs would appear to be higher due to the inclusion of fixed produ ction cost. This is dealt with by allowing the figure for normal capacity to take into account any decreased production due to planned maintenance. In a perfect standardised environment, only one set of methods would be sufficient but for now, the AASB has settled for allowing three methods of inventory valuation, and five techniques for measuring inventories. These provisions encompass a wide array of business types which allows a comfortable degree of comparability in financial data. However, the freedom given in the valuation and measurement of inventory in order to encourage better comparability comes at the price of the possible problems arising from inconsistencies between accounting practices and physical inventory movement. These inaccuracies can lead to profit and asset balances grossly over or under-stated, giving users a tainted picture of an organisation’s condition. While covering a lot of ground, it is quite clear that the current standards governing inven tory reporting have room for improvement. References Australian Accounting Standards Board (2009, November 2). AASB 102 Inventories. Retrieved April 30, 2010, from https://www. aasb. com. au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB102_07-04_COMPjun09_01-09. pdf Australian Accounting Standards Board (2004, July). Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. Retrieved April 30, 2010, from https://www. aasb. com. u/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB102_07-04_COMPjun09_01-09. pdf Deegan, C. (2010). Australian Financial Accounting (6th ed. ). North Ryde, NSW: McGraw Hill Gibson, S. C. (2002, October). LIFO vs FIFO: a return to the basics. Retrieved May 3, 2010, from https://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0ITW/is_2_85/ai_n14897182/ Miller, P. B. W. (2004, June 1). Its time to get rid of LIFO conformity: IASBs move to ban LIFO deserves a thoughtful response. Retrieved April 29, 2010, from https://www. allbusiness. com/government/business-regulations/171735-1. html 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sub-period No. Sales Price LIFO Profit FIFO Profit Cost Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Regulating Inventory" essay for you Create order

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Canker Tree Disease Prevention and Control

The term   canker is used to describe a killed area or blister on the bark, a branch or the trunk of an infected tree. The Morton Arboretum describes it as a canker  that is usually oval to elongate, but can vary in size and shape. Cankers will often appear as a swelling surrounding a sunken lesion  on the bark of trunks and branches. The canker-causing pathogens like fungi and bacteria commonly invade wounded or injured bark tissues to form a canker. They subsequently produce reproductive structures called fruiting bodies and can spread. Dozens of species of fungi cause canker disease. Causes Cankers are caused by a number of factors including biotic fungi and bacteria or by abiotic and nonliving conditions to include excessive low or high temperature,  hail and other natural and mechanical tree damage. A combination of these attacks is potentially the most successful process in causing a tree to develop a canker. The fungi that cause cankers are always around and naturally inhabit the bark surface of a tree. They look for the opportunity to gain entrance through natural or man-made wounds  and usually have the best chance to cause canker disease when the tree is under stress. Stressors that cause cankers include: exposure to extremely high or low temperaturesflooding and droughtsummer or winter sunscald, hail, high windsnutritional imbalances and soil compactionmechanical injuries (lawn mower, vehicles) and animal damagepruning woundsroot rot and insect borersimproper planting Prevention Preventing cankers means growing vigorous trees that can fight off the entrance of pathogens into the bark by using a good tree management program. You must be faithful to your tree by using correct pruning methods, taking care  not to over-fertilize and prevent defoliation of your tree by disease and insects. Wounds are essential for most canker infections to take hold and spread, so avoid wounds, especially where active spore-spreading cankers are present. Make sure that your tree has adequate water and avoid mechanical injury to roots and trunk. When planting a new tree: Plant your tree on a good site, use vigorous planting stock, fertilize trees to promote growth and control weeds for several years after planting. Landscape trees will benefit by deep watering or trickle irrigation, especially during dry summer months. Also maintain good drainage. Control Canker diseases can be controlled if diagnosed early and action is taken. To control canker disease on trees, cut off the affected branch or limb using proper  pruning methods. If a large canker is on the main trunk, the tree may ultimately need to be replaced. Still remember that when  a trunk canker develops, the tree may begin to compartmentalize off the area by sealing wood cells off around the canker. You may be able to extend the life of the tree by just leaving it alone. Do not cut into trunk cankers as it may renew fungal activity and increase damage.There are no effective chemicals are available to control the fungi that cause canker disease.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Starbucks And Its Effects On The Environment - 1225 Words

As humans, it is only natural to be consumed with activities that are enjoyable. These may be a result from routine, need, or other reasons. Though it may vary from person to person, there is an inevitable fact that individuals consume a plethora of different goods everyday. A product that has found a way into my life is a cup of Starbucks coffee. No matter where you go, a drink purchased from Starbucks can be easily seen. Starbucks is a coffee company that sells a variety of drinks. It has become one of the most well known brands that exist today. It has become apart of the lifestyles for many customers. Although it has become very successful, a cup of Starbucks can have many unknown negative impacts on the environment. Started from humble beginnings, Starbucks now has more than 20,000 locations worldwide. The very first store opened in Seattle, Washington in 1971 by three partners. From that day forward, Starbucks has begun to expand rapidly. Now, it is a company that has evolved into being an international influence. They serve hot and cold beverages, ranging from coffee to teas to pastries. Many people are aware of this brand and are bound to purchase these products. It is easily intertwined into lives because of the popular advertisements. Some individuals find it difficult to proceed with their day without grabbing a drink from Starbucks. It becomes an indispensable part of their daily routine. An uprising issue about Starbucks is being a companyShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Domain of Starbucks829 Words   |  4 PagesStarbucks operates more than 15,800 stores internationally and employs roughly 140,000 employees. It increase expansion makes it complex to handle the operations. The ef fect of the forces on the complexity of the Starbucks’s environment is the Starbucks imports its coffee beans from around the world, therefore emphasizes the importance of political stability of other countries to Starbucks. 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Schultz wants to develop the company s value and inspired of a company which would make the customer the center of its success and would change the coffee drinking experience in the U.S. Starbuck has some factors to make it successful, the first one is the atmosphere, Schultz wants to recreating the Italian coffee culture, the original environment willRead More Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagesstakeholders. In this essay, three stakeholders, environment, customers and employees will be evaluated respectively and the key principles of the stakeholders will be examined. There is a link between corporate social responsibility and the key principles of the stakeholders, which a company should follow to be responsible to its stakeholders. 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In order to aid in the determination of long-term trends a SWOTT analysis will be undergone. These trends will help to develop a mission statement. This mission statement will address customer orientation, service category, scope or direction, core competency and measurability. A compan y’s mission statement is significant because it helps to stream

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

The Porter Five Forces Model Competitive Analysis Tool - Free Sample

Question: ExplainThe porters Five Forces Model. Answer: Introduction Michael Porter developed Porters five forces model. It is a business tool or a framework that helps in examining the strength of the five forces that govern competition within industry. The five forces help in analyzing the level of competition within the companies in an industry. The main aim of developing Porters five forces is to help the firms achieve competitive advantage. The companies know the competitive position that they hold in the market. The five forces of Porters analysis are the bargaining power of supplier, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitutes, threat of new entrants and industry rivalry (E. Dobbs, 2014). Wells Fargo bank is an American international company that provides international banking and financial services to its customers. It is the worlds largest bank in terms of market capitalization and third largest bank in United States in terms of assets. The main competitors of the company are JP Morgan and chase, Prudential financial and ING group. Por ters five forces are also known as Industry and competitive analysis (Wellsfargo.com, 2016) Porters five forces model for Wells Fargo bank Wells Fargo is a diversified financial services bank that is engaged in providing many financial services to its customers. The power of supplier in this case is very strong as the industry is diversified. The power of the buyers is also strong due to strong purchasing power (Mburu, 2015). Porters five forces model for the banking industry is presented as follows: Threat of New entrants: The threat of new entrants is high for Wells Fargo bank with two hundred and fifteen new banks opening each year. The advantage is that many banks close due to bank failure and the average number of banks decrease. The other reason for decrease in numbers of banks is merger. The biggest barrier for the entry of banking industry is trust. Many companies from outside the industry try to enter and capture wealth. Since Wells Fargo is a diversified company, the threat of new entrants is high. For example, an insurance company can enter the market and start providing loans at cheaper interest rate (Rothaermel, 2015). This will increase the competition for the company. However, the capital requirements and strict regulations by the government hinder the new company from entering the industry. Brand recognition is also an essential factor that helps in determining the threat for new companies to enter the market. Product differentiation is another factor that plays an important role. Wells Fargo Company has an advantage over these factors because the company distinguishes itself from other companies by providing high quality customer service. An established brand makes it difficult for new companies to develop due to failure of brand recognition. Creating a large-scale customer base and infrastructure is essential for generating profit and achieve competitive advantage (Alt Puschmann, 2012). Threat of substitute products: Substitutes and complements play a crucial role in the banking industry. The banking and financial services have a wide range of substitutes and complements. Many products can maximize wealth that acts as substitutes. For example, complement of standard checking account is ATM cards. The main strategies of the banks are to label the price of complements low in order to attract as many customers it can. The price of switching products or banks increases so customers do not shift its bank easily as it will increase their cost. If a firm has strong grip over its customers then the threat of substitutes become low as is the case with Wells Fargo bank. The main aim is to strengthen the power of complements and reduce the power of substitutes (Rothaermel, 2015). Increase in interests rates leads the customers to switch to substitute products with traditional banking assets such as savings and traditional accounts. It is the responsibility of the bank to form a group of customers in such a way so that they avoid switching to substitute product. Viability of a substitute product weakens the power of the firm as customers can easily switch to other firm (Montes-Stewart, 2013). Bargaining power of suppliers: Suppliers have a great power in case of financial industry. Since Well Fargo is diversified company that is engaged in providing distinguishing financial services. The company is involved in providing various financial services, conventional banking and small and medium loans operations. The supplier power in case of banking sector is low in case of customer retention and high in case of determining the rates of interests and other prices. In case of a pure banking sector where the company is not involved in supplying diversified financial services the bargaining power of suppliers is almost negligent due to the lack of supply chain process. The infrastructural products such as machines used in the operations gives some powers to suppliers. Price discrimination does exist as the banks may charge higher interests rates from the people who can afford it (Montes-Stewart, 2013). The four major suppliers in case of banking sectors are capitals such as customer deposits, mortgages and loa ns, mortgage securities and loans from other financial institutions. The power of suppliers depends on the market where the power is said to fluctuate between medium to high. Bargaining power of buyer: Buyers also play an important role due to strong purchasing power. The real competition starts after determining the amount of the power of buyers. However, the customers cannot influence the prices directly but they can affect it indirectly. The buyers have little ability to influence the price on the retail side of the banking sector. Transaction process is different for customers and clients. The commercial side of the banking sector has greater influence as the power of the buyer. It is essential for the banks to fulfill the needs of the customers according to their demand in order to achieve competitive advantage (Christensen et al., 2013). Satisfying the needs of the customers should be the top most priority of banks in order to improve its customer loyalty. The major factor that influences the buyer behavior is high switching cost. Another factor that has strengthened the power of buyer is internet. Banking has become easy due to internet as it also reduces the cost for consum ers. Industry rivalry: The banking industry is highly competitive in nature. The bank uses various techniques to compete with its competitors such as price competition, quality and differentiation methods. The main aim of Well Fargo Company is to provide best quality banking and financial services to its customers (Mburu, 2015). The bank provides various price competitions to customers who utilize maximum services. Cross selling is the strategy that the bank plans to use in future strategy to strengthen its plan and achieve competitive advantage. Interests rates play a major role in determining the competitive advantage for the firm. The main factor over which the banks compete is services that it provides to its customers. In order to avoid competition many banks end up merging so that the money can be expanded for marketing and advertisement (Hyun Kang, 2015). Conclusion Banking sector is a highly competitive sector where the companies have high threats of new entrants, threat from substitutes and complements, threat from industry rivalry and bargaining power of buyers and sellers. There are various factors and methods that the banks can use o achieve competitive advantage. The technique used by Wells Fargo bank is product differentiation and quality service that it provides to its customers. The main factor that differentiates one bank from the other is the services that they provide. References Alt, R., Puschmann, T. (2012). The rise of customer-oriented banking-electronic markets are paving the way for change in the financial industry.Electronic Markets, 22(4), 203-215.Christensen, C., Anthony, S., Roth, E. A. (2013). Seeing what's next: Using the theories of innovation to predict industry change. Harvard Business Press.E. Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates. Competitiveness Review, 24(1), 32-45.Hyun, A., Kang, H. (2015). Similarities And Differences Of Industry Leaders' Competitive Advantages. Leadership Organizational Management Journal, 2015(2).Keys to competitive analysis. (2016). Wellsfargoworks.com. Retrieved 25 July 2016, from https://wellsfargoworks.com/run/competitive-analysisMburu, P. G. (2015). Competitive strategies adopted by Wells Fargo (K) Limited to enhance competitive advantage (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).Montes-Stewart, I. (2013). Strategizing for Corporate S ocial Responsibility: Wells Fargo Case. OSR, 6.Porter's 5 Forces and the Banking Industry - The Banking Industry And The Internet. (2016). Sites.google.com. Retrieved 25 July 2016, from https://sites.google.com/site/bankingindustryandtheinternet/home/5-forcesRothaermel, F. T. (2015). Strategic management. McGraw-Hill.Wells Fargo - Personal Business Banking - Student, Auto Home Loans - Investing Insurance. (2016). Wellsfargo.com. Retrieved 25 July 2016, from https://www.wellsfargo.com

Monday, April 6, 2020

Already Have a High SAT Score How to Improve Even More

Already Have a High SAT Score How to Improve Even More SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips For students who are already scoring high on the SAT, improvement can be an uphill battle. High scorers may need to use different strategies to get the most out of their studying and push themselves into an elite score range. In this article, I'll go over what it means to be a high scorer and how high scorers can take their prep techniques to the next level. What Does It Mean to Be a High Scorer? You would be considered a high scorer if you’re consistently scoring an 1800 or higher on the SAT.â€Å"Consistently† means that you’ve taken at least two or three full official practice tests where you’ve scored 1800 or above. This indicates that you can expect similar scores on the real SAT. Your score puts you in the top 25% of scorers on the test. Why Do High Scorers Need Different Strategies? At this level, it’s likely that you’ve overcome significant problems with content knowledge and question comprehension and may be running into different roadblocks to a higher score.Often, high scorers struggle with careless mistakes and time issues that prevent them from earning the last few points that will get them into the 700-800 range on each section.They also may be having trouble with the hardest ten to twenty percent of questions on each test. As a high scorer, you're getting to the point where you need to try and answer every question, so you can’t leave any stone unturned when it comes to mistakes on practice tests. It’s crucial to be picky about pinpointing your weaknesses and eliminating them. You've raised the bar, and now you have to figure out how to jump over it. Strategies for High Scorers Here are some strategies that high scorers might use to earn those last few points on the SAT. These strategies are not as appropriate for students who are scoring below a 600 on each section of the test.If you’re not into the high score range yet, take a look at this article on how lower scorers should prepare. Strategy #1: Eliminate Careless Mistakes High scoring students usually don’t have many content-based problems with the material on the test. The biggest problem for people who are already scoring high on the SAT is that they continue to make careless mistakes. A careless mistake is a mistake that you made because you rushed through the question or accidentally misread it. These are not mistakes that you made because you genuinely didn't understand the question at the time and figured it out later; they're mistakes that never should have happened in the first place. The barrier between you and a really great score might be a matter of reading more carefully or checking your answers at the end of each section. It’s helpful to be aware of when your careless mistakes come up most frequently.You should take a practice test or two and see where you tend to slip up so that you can pay close attention to those types of questions in the future. On math questions, a good way to eliminate careless mistakes is to circle or underline what the question is asking for so that you don’t forget. The SAT likes to be tricky by providing answers that students might get if they read the question incorrectly or don’t follow through on solving the whole problem. If you suffer from careless mistakes on reading questions, you should always make a point of double checking your answers at the end of each section.Another good strategy for eliminating careless mistakes is to bubble in your answers at the end of each section. Circle your answer for each question in the test booklet, but wait until the end of the section to record it on your answer sheet.This saves time and will help you to avoid bubbling mistakes that can cost you major points. Making a careless mistake is like slipping on a banana peel; you can easily avoid it by paying attention. Strategy #2: Practice Good Time Management If you’re a high scorer, you might have a tendency to rush through sections on the SAT.Although this will prevent you from running out of time, it can have negative consequences if you don’t read passages or questions carefully enough.Try taking a timed practice test so you can see where you stand on time management.If you’re left with a lot of extra time at the ends of sections but are still missing questions, you should try and force yourself to devote a little more time to each question and make a point of double-checking your answers. If you’re consistently missing the last few questions because you can’t seem to get through the sections fast enough, you might consider revising your strategy in different ways.For the reading section, you should consider whether you’re reading passages in the most efficient manner.Some students read passages on the SAT very closely, which can work if you’re a fast reader, but usually isn’t the best strategy.I would recommend skimming passages to save yourself time and then going back to read specific details more closely if necessary. Skipping difficult questions can also help with time pressure on any section.If you’re trying to earn a high score, you can go back to them on your second pass through the section. This strategy will alleviate a lot of stress and help you to manage your time more efficiently. We're told to manage our time, but doesn't time actually manage us? Think about it, man. Strategy #3: Master the Hardest Types of Questions If you’re already getting high scores on the SAT, it’s possible that you’re being shut out from those last few points by the most difficult ten to twenty percent of questions on each section. We've written articles on the hardest questions for each section of the SAT.You can read these articles for a better understanding of how to get through these questions and think about them logically. Here are our lists of the hardest Writing, Math, and Reading questions. I would recommend that you try to do each of the hard questions in these articles on your own first and see if you end up with the correct answer.If you answer incorrectly, skip to the solution, and try to solve it again on your own with the correct answer in mind.You might have an â€Å"aha† moment without reading our explanation, which is a step in the right direction if you hope to answer these types of questions independently on the real test.Working through difficult questions will help you to get better practice for similar situations on the test (and will make most other questions seem simple in comparison!). It’s important to keep in mind that these lists of difficult questions might not be universally applicable.For most students, the questions on our lists will be some of the hardest on the SAT, but there are bound to be some disagreements.This is why it’s important that you also look carefully at where you tend to make mistakes on practice tests.Don’t assume that you’ll end up with a perfect score just because you can answer the questions on these lists!Pay attention to your specific weaknesses, whether they’re careless mistakes, time pressure, or questions in a certain content area. With some mental strength training, you can learn to manage even the most difficult questions relatively easily. Strategy #4: Avoid Test Anxiety You’re aiming for a very high score, and you only have so many chances to get it.That kind of pressure will make even the calmest person anxious.It’s ok to be a little nervous, but if you let your worries take over you could end up sabotaging yourself. Skipping difficult questions initially can bring out a lot of anxiety in high scorers.If you do have to skip a question, remind yourself that it’s normal, you’ll come back to it, and you will probably have a clearer head once you’ve gotten through most of the easy questions in the section.You have every reason to believe that you can answer it correctly on your second try.Remind yourself that this is no more difficult than any of the practice tests that you aced. If it helps you to write the word fear and cross it out before the test, go for it. Strategy #5: Don’t OverthinkQuestions Test anxiety can also cause high scorers to overthink simple questions.This is something you must learn to avoid, especially when it comes to the Reading section.The questions on the Reading section of the SAT are always based on information that is directly stated in the text.Don’t start to read between the lines or make assumptions about the information. Your mind may be tempted to go off in a million directions if you’re struggling on a question.You should always bring yourself back to the simple truth that there is only one correct answer to each question, and it’s based solely on the facts presented to you. If your brain feels like this, take a minute to regroup. Conclusion High scorers on the SAT who are hoping to improve even further will need to adopt strategies that directly combat the issues that are most common for them.High scorers often have problems with careless errors and time management, and they will need to be able to answer even the most difficult questions correctly if they hope to earn a great score. Overthinking is also a big problem for those who are already scoring high on the SAT, so it’s important that you keep your cool during the test and avoid complicating simple questions.If you can understand your main weaknesses and use these strategies to combat them, there’s nothing stopping you from getting a perfect or close to perfect score! What's Next? Check out our articles on how to get an 800 on the Reading, Math, and Writing sections of the SAT. They will give you more specific strategies for improving your scores. If you have very high SAT scores, you're probably looking at competitive colleges. Read this article to learn more about the most selective colleges in the nation and how you can improve your chances of acceptance. Not sure how high to set your goals? Find out what a good SAT score for your college of choice might look like. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Samantha Lindsay About the Author Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. In high school, she earned a 2400 on the SAT, 5's on all seven of her AP tests, and was named a National Merit Scholar. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Sunday, March 8, 2020

Marijuana Essays (110 words) - Cannabis In The United States

Marijuana Essays (110 words) - Cannabis In The United States Marijuana I think that the presidant should legalize the use of marijuana. If they are going to let some people smoke it and not others then that is biass and i do not appricate it very much. I am not a smoker of marijuana but i have many friends who do smoke it and they all do better in school then i do. I will not start smoking but all i am saying is that it doen't not hurt people who smoke it unless they are going to overdose then they are just plan stupid. This is my essay on what the governmaent should do on the trouble they are having with marijuana Bibliography Emma's Head

Friday, February 21, 2020

Class reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Class reflection - Assignment Example I have been able to use the podcast by sharing my learning experience with other students. Through the podcast, I have been able to develop skills like writing, speaking properly, active listening, managing time, and solving problems. Online learning offers a great opportunity for people to learn at their own convenient time. It provides courses of high quality and students do not have a face-to-face experience with other students and lecturers. It is less expensive as students pay less for online programs as well as there is no transportation cost. In addition, students are able to get immediate feedback and there is the provision of tools that improve the pace of learning. The most challenging part of the course was creating a digital storytelling. Digital storytelling revolves around the idea of telling stories using various digital multimedia like images, video, and audio. The bringing together of the digital graphics, recording an audio narration, texts and the incorporation of video and music to present information on a particular topic proved to be a

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Medical Law, Morality and Legal Duties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Medical Law, Morality and Legal Duties - Essay Example The discussion seeks to answer the question: Does the law on abortion and euthanasia reflect moral obligations of society, or communal outlooks? Hart’s claims that legal duties must be effectively accepted as common public standards of official behaviour. Although a positivist, there are connotations of morality Hart’s theory, which requires that legal duties correspond to moral obligations in order to have legal effect. If reference is to be made to social norms which provide the basis of validity for legal duties, the proposition coincides rather well. Positivists do not deny a connection between law and morality; they argue that legal duties are not affected by moral obligations. However, heated public debate on abortion and euthanasia strongly suggest otherwise. Yet, it could be argued that despite the fact that many may disagree with it, the law in the UK prohibits euthanasia. Does this mean that the criminalisation of euthanasia would reflect moral obligations? It can be accurately stated that perhaps the most important moral obligation is to preserve the sanctity of life. In this respect, legal duties have been created by moral obligations. Yet the law on abortion permits what could be termed as the killing of a human being. How can the law allow acts which essentially obliterate the moral obligation to preserve life? The conflicting elements provided by this proposition highlight the complexity of the interplay between legal duties and moral obligations; not every situation is able to be dealt with similarly, despite the fact that it may essentially be based on the same moral or legal basis.9 It is not a simple application of moral obligations to legal duties or vice versa – there is a complex interconnection between conflicting rights and clashing elements. Yet the fact that some may not agree with legal duties in relation to these aspects does not necessarily reduce their validity as law per se. Indeed, Kelsen states that the scie nce of law does not prescribe that one ought to obey the commands of the creator,10 though Hart refers to notions of fairness in order to argue the importance of legal duties.11 If one applies this issue to the courtroom, the attention appears to turn to moral obligations as bases of legal duties. Presented with often vague legislative provisions of law, judges must apply such vague terms to complex, real-life situations. Therefore, a law which prohibits

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Audience Misdirection in Magic Acts

Audience Misdirection in Magic Acts For hundreds of years, magicians have performed acts which are perceived to be impossible, causing the viewer to question how the act was performed. The viewer would generally know that act performed by the magician will use some sort of trickery or illusion, but still viewers are usually unable to detect the change when it occurs, even when the trick is in full view of the audience. Sometimes when a magician performs a magic trick, he uses misdirection to trick the audience. The magician would usually draw your attention elsewhere while the trick is being performed to stop the audience seeing how it is done (Kuhn, Amlani Rensink, 2008). Kuhn and Tatler (2005) recorded eye fixations of the audience as a magician was performing a magic trick developed especially to see the effect of misdirection on the audience. It was a relatively simple trick; lasting only 15 seconds, where the magician was to drop a lighter and cigarette into his lap without the audience seeing, causing the audience to think the items had magically disappeared. First the magician removes the cigarette from the packet and deliberately puts it in his mouth the wrong way round. He then pretends to light the cigarette, which enhances the audiences interest in the mouth/cigarette region. Both magician and the audience then realise the mistake, and the magician turns the cigarette around with his left hand while keeping his gaze fixed on his hand and cigarette. During this time the magician drops the lighter into his lap, which is in his right hand. He then causes attention to go to the disappearance of the lighter by attempting to light the cigarette. When he is unable to light the cigarette, he looks to his right hand, snaps his fingers and waves his hand; pulling the audiences attention to his right hand. While the audience are looking at the disappearance of the lighter in the right hand, the magician drops the cigarette from a height of around 15cm. He then turns his gaze to his left hand, and opens it to show that the cigarette is also disappeared. The magician uses gaze direction to disguise his actions while performing the trick (Tatler Kuhn, 2007). Generally, people have an urge to follow the gaze of others, in particular when there is pointing or another similar gesture involved that pulls the viewers attention to a specific place. While dropping both the lighter and the cigarette from his hand, the magicians gaze is focussed in the opposite hand to which the trick is being performed. This causes the audiences attention to also be focused on where the magician is looking, and makes them miss the lighter and cigarette being dropped. The dropping of the lighter was not very visible and could very easily be missed; however the dropping of the cigarette was done in full view of the audience, from about 15cm above the table top, but this action is also not usually detected, usually due to gaze misdirection. This shows that the magician successfully misdirected the audiences overt and covert attention at the correct time during the trick, right when the disappearance occurs. Surprisingly, when the audience were told that the magician was going to misdirect them while performing the trick, most people are still unable to stop themselves looking where the magician was looking and therefore miss detecting how the disappearance was performed. When in close interaction people tend to look at each other a lot in an conversation setting, the average time people tend to look at each other is 75% of the time when listening, and 40% of the time when talking (Land Tatler, 2009). As the audience are viewing the magic trick, their attention is focussed on the magician who is performing the trick, and so have an urge to follow his gaze in whichever direction he is looking. The sharing of attention is a strong social cue, whereby people appear to look in the direction they see others looking. When an event or fully visible item is not noticed by the audience, it is often called intentional blindness (Kuhn Tatler, 2010). By the magician drawing the attention of the audience to his hand by snapping and waving it, he creates an area of high visual interest, which the audience are preoccupied with by processing those actions of the magician. Because of this, they fail to notice the event occurring in the opposite hand, which is an area of low visual interest to the audience. Kuhn and Tatler (2005) also considered visual factors which could cause the audience not to detect the change, such as blinking, and the distance of the fixations of the audience when the drop is taking place. However, these do not seem to influence whether the drop was detected or not by the audience. Blinking when the drop took place did not influence whether the audience detected the change or not. There was also not much difference in where the audience were looking and whether they detected the drop or not. When the magician dropped the cigarette, most viewers were looking at the magicians face, his right hand or the space in between. In the first trial only 2 people detected the drop and 18 participants did not detect the drop. What is interesting though, when the participants were shown the magician performing the trick again, all participants detected the cigarette being dropped. In the second viewing, most of the audience still look at the same place they were looking before; around the right hand and the magicians face, but this time, they are able to detect the drop. Only three participants looked where the cigarette was at the time of the dropping. This shows that the magician was successfully manipulating the audiences covert attention as well as overt attention in the first trial, but in the second viewing he was less successful at manipulating the audiences covert attention; allowing the audience to see how the trick was performed in the second viewing. There is also a difference in whether the disappearance of the cigarette and the lighter is detected by the audience depending on it being a live performance (when the trick is performed in front of the audience) or whether the audience watch the trick being performed on a screen. Kuhn, Tatler, Findlay and Cole (2008) found that the audience are more likely to detect the disappearance of the cigarette when watching the trick being performed on a screen, rather than in a live performance. This shows that the audience have a closer connection to the magician while performing the trick live, and are more susceptible to following the magicians social cues and misdirection to stop them uncovering how the disappearance occurs. However, even when viewing the trick being performed on a screen, the audience still look in the same area, so they do follow the gaze of the magician. The study found no difference in the fixation of the audience and whether the disappearance was detected or not, bu t they did find a connection in the time taken to go from one fixation to the other. People who detected the disappearance are simply faster at moving their eyes to the left hand from which the cigarette disappeared. It is interesting how the magician manages to avoid this detection of the trick, even though it is fully visible. He pulls the overt and covert attention of the audience away from where the trick is being conducted, simply by his gaze direction. Misdirection usually works as the magician creates an area of high visual interest were most of the audience look, and performs the disappearance in an area of low visual interest. Eye direction plays an important part in misdirection. In another experiment by Kuhn and Land (2006), a magician performs a disappearing ball trick. The magician throws a ball in the air three times while keeping his gaze on the movement of the ball. As the ball goes in the air, his eye gaze also goes in that direction. On the third throw however, the ball seems to disappear while in the air. There are two conditions in this trick; firstly the magicians gaze also goes up when the ball is thrown for the third time, and his gaze follows the movement which the ball is expected to take, and seems as though he is expecting the ball to come back down. In the second condition the magicians gaze is fixed on his hand for the third throw. This experiment shows that misdirection using eye gaze provides a huge impact on the results. 68% of the participants believed that the ball had left the screen in the air when the magician was looking upward on the third throw, but only 32% believed that the ball had disappeared in the air when the magicians gaze was fixed on his hand. This result shows that social cuing and gaze direction plays an important role in misdirection in magic. However, the eye movements of the participants showed that on the third throw, the area in which participants looked differed to where they looked for the first two throws. The eye fixations showed a pattern eye movements went from the magicians hand, to his face, to the air (where the ball would be) and then back down to his hand. This would be repeated again for the second throw, but for the third throw, when the ball disappeared, participants eye gaze was fixed around the area of the magicians face, or not far from his head. This fixation also occurred on those participants who were sure the ball had been thrown and had disappeared upwards. This shows that people perceived something had happened, even though they had not followed the gaze of the magician. This demonstrates that gaze direction matters and influences the audience to look where the magician looks. In conclusion, a magician misdirects his audience mainly through gaze direction. He looks in the opposite hand to which the disappearance is occurring, causing the gaze of the audience miss discovering how the trick had been performed. People generally follow the gaze of others,; look where they see someone else looking, and so the magician uses this strong social cue to influence his audience to also look where he looks. He creates an area of high visual interest for the viewer, by waving and snapping his hand, and performs the trick in an area of low visual interest to the viewer. By doing this he successfully misdirects the audiences attention, and performs the trick without anyone discovering how the cigarette disappeared.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Dialectics of Internal and External :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Dialectics of Internal and External ABSTRACT: The central topic of this paper is the analysis of the dialectical interdependency of internal and external in the theory of language as a symbolic system. Referring to and analyzing the philosophic legacy of W. von Humboldt, B. Russell, L. Wittgenstein, F. de Saussure and G. Spet, the author concludes that the dialectics of internal and external is not an accidental and episodic phenomenon of language. It rather is an intrinsic, ontological trait apart from which an adequate cognition of the essence of language is impossible. Taking the internal form as a logical structure, it is possible to view it as something "higher and fundamental" in language, something that is attainable more by intuition than by research. The internal intellectual base of this grammatical stability lies in the sphere of purely logical forms. If internal word formulations are related to and governed by the spirit, then the external forms in fact conceal an inner grammatical and syntactic edifice. Th e laws of external speech functioning are manifested, for example, in bilingualism, which may be viewed either as a social phenomenon related to individual thinking and classificatory abilities or as an evidence of the existence of common verbal structures in human consciousness. The author proposes to transfer such linguistic terms as "bilingualism" and "contamination" into a different context as a way of seeking new topical domains within the linguistic philosophy and the philosophy of language. The empiricism of specific language functioning in the form of bilingual language contamination brings us back to the assumption of the existence of uniform internal metalanguage structures of verbal thinking. The Internal Form as a Language Structure Ever since Bertrand Russell, analytical philosophy has searched for an inner logical form of the sentence that could be true with respect to the world. Obviously, the superficial external grammatical form of sentences that we comprehend is a weak expression of the true form of corresponding facts. "Poor grammar" introduced many errors in traditional metaphysics disallowing distinctions available exclusively in the new logic. There is a need for a "philosophical grammar" — a grammar, because we speak about the form of the sentences, and philosophical because it should address not only the external but also the internal grammatical structures and reflect their interactions and transmutations thus revealing forms and elements that create the reality of true sentences. A new meaning of philosophy began with Wittgenstein's Tractatus.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson Presidency

Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson both made their mark on United States history as presidents. One president was a wild, violent â€Å"Rough Rider† who was also insecure. The other was a deeply religious, sentimental traditionalist who stood firmly on his ground. Both presidents made changes in American life, whether it be business or social. By examining domestic policies of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, one can see that although they differed greatly, both were effective presidents. Theodore Roosevelt was a sickly child. His father helped him train to overcome his debilitation, and set him on his way to be a â€Å"Rough Rider. Woodrow Wilson†s father was a Presbyterian minister, and his mother a daughter of one; they instilled a stolid set of morals that Woodrow Wilson carried with him his whole life. Both presidents came from socially secure backgrounds that gave them distinguishing characteristics. Both presidents, however, dramatically changed their public view to support the ideals of the common man in America. Theodore Roosevelt started off his presidency say that he â€Å"shall go slow† in the process of investigating large corporations. He was insecure, afraid that some of his policies upset the corporations. However, as his terms went on, the president gained a reputation for being a Progressive. According to Hofstadter, â€Å"[Reform] was meant to heal only the most conspicuous sores on the body politic. † Roosevelt wrote that he did not know what, if anything, should be done about trusts. The main reason he distrusted and despised bigness in business was because he was a â€Å"big politician facing a strong rival in the business of achieving power. † Roosevelt proposed reforms and blasted dishonesty in business with â€Å"the showiest language that had ever been used in the White House. His use of language caused the public image of him to be a reformer and it contributed real weight to that side. However, Roosevelt did do his share of trust busting. A brilliant stroke of publicity was the prosecution of the Northern Securities Company. A gigantic railroad monopoly in the Northwest was organized, and Roosevelt had practically no choice but to prosecute; the public branded him the reputation of being a major reformer. Woodrow Wilson was the president of Princeton University. He gained large support, and was approached by Boss Jim Smith and his associates to run for New Jersey governor. Wilson accepted and decided he could cooperate with them on righteous terms. Progressives started to complain almost immediately. The Hoboken Observer wrote against Wilson, saying that he was â€Å"induced to enter the race by a combination of the very elements which the Progressives are fighting . . . and these elements have assumed charge of his candidacy. † He responded by changing to please the people. It had been necessary to please the capitalists and the bosses to get a foothold in politics, but now it seemed that he must enter the governorship â€Å"with absolutely no pledges of any kind. † Wilson became a spokesman for the common man. When the people had expressed preference for a man running for the Senate, Wilson opposed the Bosses by endorsing the man the people wanted instead of the man that would have won. Wilson did not let his private obligations override his public ones. He believed in principles over personality, and the man became increasingly stronger as a reformer. Endorsement of the progressive creed by Wilson created a break with his original sponsor when running for president, and a complete change in his support followed after he dumped Harvey and befriended Bryan. For both of these presidents, these events show that not only did they change their public image, they also gained popularity by being ambiguous in their speeches and actions; the ambiguity only furthered their popularity. Morals was also a large factor in the two presidencies. The role in which Roosevelt imagined himself was that of a moralist. He told Lincoln Steffens that the real need in American public life was â€Å"the fundamental fight for morality. † Roosevelt told Ray Stannard Baker that although economic issues would become increasingly important, his â€Å"problems are moral problems, and [his] teaching has been plain morality. Woodrow Wilson, the son of the minister and the minister†s daughter, ate, drank and slept morals. The solution to controlling business must be found in a movement of moral regeneration, according to him. Punishment should fall on individuals and not on whole corporations. In one of Wilson†s most frequently used metaphors, the maleficent corporation official was the irresponsible driver of the corporate automobile. He said, â€Å"One really responsible man in jail . . . would be worth more than one thousand corporations mulcted in fines. This contradicts with Roosevelt, who wanted to punish whole corporations, but the same message upholds; morals are the root of the solution, and the main objective is to regulate business by keeping them under the State. Both Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson were effective presidents. Theodore Roosevelt persecuted the Northern Securities Company, launching a trust-busting crusade, and he became the first president to intervene in a labor-management dispute when the anthracite coal miners struck. The Hepburn Act strengthened the authority of the Interstate Commerce Commission over railroads, and an employer†s liability law were put into action. Woodrow Wilson ‘s administration produced a huge number of achievements. A downward tariff revision was secured, the public controlled the nation†s banking and credit system under the Federal Reserve Act, and farmers were pleased with the Federal Farm Loan Act and the Warehousing Act. The Clayton Act implemented the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, and the Federal Trade Commission was created to enjoin what Wilson had called â€Å"illicit competition. † An eight-hour day for railroad workers in interstate commerce, a child-labor act, and a compensation law for Civil Service workers were all created under the Wilson administration. So although Roosevelt and Wilson differed, there effectiveness is clearly present while comparing their domestic policies as presidents.

Friday, January 3, 2020

Slavery And Colonial Rule During Colonialism - 1459 Words

Slavery and Colonial Rule During the years of European colonialism in Africa, slavery was used as the main source of labor for various colonial projects. Slaves worked on various levels of service to the colonial powers, especially the French. These include working on plantations and military service. Even though the French and the British were profiting from the labor and oppression of Africans, they soon faced opposition for their use of slavery as a tool for economic gain. In this essay, I will explain these elements of slavery in colonial rule, by detailing information from Martin Klein’s Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa, and Trevor Getz’s Slavery and Reform in West Africa. Klein discusses the status of the slave and the history of mistreatment by Europeans. He focuses on the time when the Portuguese came to Senegambia during the 1600s. It was during this time that â€Å"slave labor was being used to feed the courts of coastal kings as it was used in the medieval empires of t he interior.† These slaves were enemy combatants, who were captured and sentenced to work as punishment. The author mentioned that slaves during this period did not have rights or an official identity. Many of them faced many forms of persecution and mistreatment. By the time the French had take over, slaves were to be punished by having the master make them â€Å"sleep in irons, but if they accepted their status, their condition was ameliorated.† As time passed, and as other markets becameShow MoreRelatedThe Geographic, Political, and Ethnic Impact European Colonialism Has Played on the Present History of Africa 1486 Words   |  6 Pagesdebate on how the current political and economic failures in Africa can be traced back to the advent of colonialism. 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